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Reuse
Repair
Recycle
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An Introduction to Wood Pallets
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
annularly threaded nail - pallet nail with annular (ring) threads rolled onto shank
banding notch - see strap slot
butted deckboard - an inner deckboard placed tightly against an adjacent lead deckboard during pallet assembly to reduce damage to the unit load caused when fork trucks mishandle the pallet
bottom deck - assembly of deckboards comprising the lower, load-bearing surface of the pallet
CAD - computer-aided-design software that allows the design of the "right" pallet at the best value; see Pallet Design System (PDS)
captive pallet - a pallet intended for use within the confines of a single facility, a pallet retrieval/recovery system or company; not intended to be "exchanged"
chamfered deckboard - a deckboard with the edges of one or two faces beveled, either along the full or specified length of board or between the stringers or blocks, facilitating entry of pallet-jack wheels and tines of forklift trucks
closed "loop" or closed distribution system - a shipping system restricted to moving goods between specified plants and facilities
cost-per-trip - average cost of pallet or container use for a single one-way movement of the unit load consisting of four to six handlings
deck - top or bottom surface of the pallet, consisting of one or more boards or panels, with or without space between the elements
deck mat - the assembly of deckboards and stringerboards or a solid sheet of material, forming the deck of a block pallet
deckboard - a single element or component of a pallet deck, oriented perpendicular to the stringer or stringerboard
deckboard spacing - the distance between adjacent deckboards
doubIe-deck pallet - a pallet with both top and bottom decks
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double-wing pallet - a pallet with top and bottom deckboards or decks extending beyond the edges of the stringers or stringerboards
drive-screw nail - continuously helically threaded or fluted pallet nail
economic life - the number of trips the pallet will make over its lifetime, provided it is properly repaired, which maximizes the return on the investment (an output of the PDS software)
exchange pallet - a multiple-use pallet intended for use among a designated group of shippers and receivers where possession of the pallet is transferred with the ownership of the unit load; pool pallet
expendable pallet - a pallet intended for a limited series of handlings during a single unit load movement from shipper to receiver; see limited-use pallet
fastener - a device for connecting pallet components such as nails, staples, screws, bolts, lag bolts, adhesives and welds
flush pallet - a pallet with deckboards flush with the stringers, stringerboards or blocks along the ends and sides of the pallet fork entry - the opening between decks, beneath the top deck and ground or beneath the stringerboards to admit the forks of a lifting device (i.e. fork truck, AS/RS, pallet jack)
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Stevedore Type
Double Wing Pallet
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four-way block paIlet - a pallet with openings at both opposite pallet ends and sides sufficient to admit hand-pallet jacks; full four-way entry pallet
hand (wheel) jack opening - the aperture provided in the pallet bottom deck to allow pallet jack wheels to bear on the ground; window
handling - a single pick-up; movement as a result of picking up, transporting, and setting down of an empty or loaded pallet
hardwood - a wood from broad-leaved tree species (not necessarily hard in texture or dense)
helically threaded naiI - continuous helically threaded pallet nail; see drive-screw nail
inner deckboard - any deckboard located between the end deckboards; interior deckboard
length - refers to the stringer or stringerboard length; also refers to the first dimension given to describe a pallet, i.e, 48" x 40", where 48" is the pallet stringer or stringerboard length
limited-use pallet - a pallet designed for an average of up to nine trips, with an average of five handlings per trip in an average environment; single-trip pallet; one-trip pallet; one-way pallet; expendable pallet; shipping pallet
multiple-use pallet - a pallet designed for repeated uses for more than one unit load with an average minimum life-to-first repair of ten trips or more, with an average of five handlings per trip in an average handling environment; multiple-trip pallet; returnable pallet; reusable pallet; warehouse pallet; permanent pallet; general-purpose pallet; special-service pallet; through-transit pallet
NationaI Wooden Pallet and Container Association - an international association with the goal of promoting the design, manufacture, distribution, recycling, and sale of pallets, containers, and reels
non-reversible pallet - a pallet with a dissimilar top and bottom deck configuration or without a bottom deck
notch - filleted cutout in lower portion of the stringer to allow entry for the fork tine, usually 9" in length and 1-1/4" to 1-1/2" in height.
notched stringer - a stringer with two or more notches spaced for fork-tine entry (partial four-way entry)
opening height - the vertical dimension measured between decks, from the floor to the underside of the top deck, or from the floor to the top of the stringer notch
overall height - the vertical dimension measured from the pallet bottom to the pallet top
overhang - the distance the deck or deckboard extends from the outer face of the outer pallet stringer, stringerboard, or block; wing; lip; cantilever; distance the unit load extends beyond the deck
pallet - a portable, horizontal, rigid, composite platform used as a base for assembling, storing, stacking, handling, and transporting goods as a unit load, often equipped with a superstructure
Pallet Design System (PDS) - a reliability-based computer-assisted design CAD program for wood pallets for determination of the safe load-carrying capacity, performance and economic life of wood pallets
pallet size - overall dimension of a pallet stated in terms of length followed by width and height; for example, a 48" x 40" pallet is 48" long and 40" wide; has 48" stringers or stringerboards and 40" deckboards
pallet jack - hand-propelled, wheeled platform contrivance equipped with a lifting device for moving palletized unit loads
pallet life - the period during which the pallet remains useful under given maintenance conditions, expressed in units of time or in the number of one-way movements of the pallet
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Perimeter Base
Block Pallet
Heavy Duty Stringer Pallet
Notched for Four-Way Entry
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panel-deck pallet - pallet constructed with composite or structural panel deck or decks
partial four-way stringer pallet - a stringer pallet with notched stringers and block pallet with overlapping bottom stringerboard and deckboards
quality - consistent performance of a uniform product meeting the customer's needs for economy and function, normally represented in terms of conformance to predetermined, agreed standards
racked across deckboards (RAD) - output of the PDS evaluation software describing the maximum load-carrying capacity and deflection of a wood pallet and its decks, where the warehouse racking frame supports the pallet only as the deckboard ends
racked across stringers (RAS) - output of the PDS software evaluation describing the maximum load-carrying capacity and deflection of a wood pallet and its decks, where the warehouse racking frame supports the pallet only at the stringer or stringerboard ends
repaired pallet - pallet with damaged components replaced with new or recycled components, in order to reuse it
recycled pallet - a pallet that has been used, discarded, salvaged, repaired, or rebuilt in order to pass through another cycle or cycles of use ... environmentally responsible
returnable/reusable paIlet - a pallet designed to be used for more than one trip; multiple-use pallet
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Premium Panel Deck
(Plywood) Stringer Pallet
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reversible pallet - a pallet with identical or similar top and bottom decks, to allow either one to support the unit load
shipping pallet - a pallet designed to be used for a one-direction movement of the unit load from shipper to receiver; it is then recycled or disposed; see limited use pallet
single-wing pallet - a pallet with the top deckboards or deck extending beyond the outer edge of the stringers or stringerboards and with the bottom deckboards or deck, if any, flush with the outer edges of the stringers or stringerboards
skid - a pallet without bottom deckboards or deck
slave pallet - rigid pallet or platform; single, thick panel used as a support base for a palletized load in warehouse rack-storage facilities or production systems
softwood - wood from coniferous or needlebearing species of trees (not necessarily soft in texture or of low density)
solid deck pallet - a pallet constructed of a single or multiple components without space between the deckboards or components (see panel deck pallet)
span - the distance between supports
strap sIot - recess or cutout in the upper edge of the stringer or the top or bottom pallet deck, designed to allow tie-down of a unit load to the pallet deck with strapping or banding; strap notch; banding notch
stringer - continuous, longitudinal, solid or notched beam-component of the pallet used to support and space the deck components, often identified by location as the outside, interior, or center stringer; bearer; runner
stringerboard - in block pallets, the continuous, solid board member extending for the full length of the pallet, perpendicular to the deckboard and placed between the deckboards and blocks, to serve as Support of deckboards or deck
top-deck of pallet - the assembly of components comprising the upper load-carrying pallet face
trip - a series of four to six handlings of a pallet, required to move a palletized unit load from the shipping point to the receiving point
two-way entry palIet - a pallet with unnotched solid stringers allowing entry only from the two opposite pallet ends; a pallet without notches in stringers
unit load - the assembly of goods or a single item on a pallet for handling, moving, storing, and stacking as a single entity; it includes the supporting pallet
warehouse pallet - a double-deck, flat, multiple-use, returnable pallet intended for general warehouse use
wing - overhang of deckboard or deck end from the outside edge of the stringer or stringerboard, to increase unit-load area, to add pallet load-bearing capacity, to reduce deckboard-end splitting by fasteners, and to facilitate the lifting of a pallet with bar slings hanging from a crane
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Standard Reversible Pallet
Single Wing Pallet with Optional
Chamfer on Bottom Boards
Single Faced Skid
Limited Use
Stringer Pallet
Heavy Duty Two Way
Stringer Pallet
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